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Stanton George Coit (11 August 1857 – 15 February 1944) was an American-born leader of the Ethical movement in England. He became a British citizen in 1903. ==Biography== Stanton Coit was born in Columbus, Ohio on 11 August 1857. He studied at Amherst College where he "fell under the spell of Emerson",〔H.J. Blackham ed. (1948) ''Stanton Coit, 1857-1944, selections from his writings.'' Phrase taken from the prefatory memoir. Favil Press〕 at Columbia University, and at the Humboldt University of Berlin, where he studied under Georg von Gizycki and took the degree of Ph.D in 1885. Coit was an aide to Felix Adler in the Society for Ethical Culture which Adler founded in 1876, and it was Adler's suggestion that he study for a doctorate. In 1886, he founded the Neighborhood Guild, a settlement house in New York City's Lower East Side which is now known as the University Settlement House, following three months spent at Toynbee Hall, which gave him the idea. In 1888, he went to London as minister of the South Place Religious Society, and during his ministry it was renamed the South Place Ethical Society (SPES) at his insistence. He settled in the United Kingdom, later taking British citizenship.〔(Biography at Humanist Heritage )〕 In 1896, he founded the Union of Ethical Societies, later the Ethical Union, predecessor body of the British Humanist Association. In 1898, Coit married Fanny Adela Wetzlar, daughter of a German industrialist, who predeceased him in 1932. It was Adela's money which purchased the former Methodist Chapel in Queen's Road. They had three daughters, the youngest of whom, Virginia Coit, assisted her father at the Ethical Church. He was editor of the ''International Journal of Ethics'' in 1893-1905, and compiled ''The Message of Man: A Book of Ethical Scriptures'' (1894), an ''Ethical Hymn Book'' (1905), ''Responsive Services'' (1911), and ''Social Worship'' (1913), and wrote translations of Georg von Gizycki's works on ethics. In 1906 and 1910, he unsuccessfully stood for Parliament as the Independent Labour Party candidate in Wakefield. In his thinking, Coit was influenced by Ralph Waldo Emerson and by Émile Durkheim, whose ''The elementary forms of the religious life''〔Émile Durkheim (1915) ''The elementary forms of the religious life ''translated from the French by Joseph Ward Swain. Published by Allen and Unwin, 1915.〕 Coit read late in his life in 1923. He also translated all three volumes of Nicolai Hartmann's ''Ethik ''in 1926.〔Stanton Coit tr. (1932) ''Ethics, Vol I Moral phenomena, Vol II Moral values, Vol III Moral freedom'' (authorized version) ; introduction by J.H. Muirhead, original text by Hartmann, Nicolai, 1882-1950. Published by Allen & Unwin in London and by Macmillan in New York.〕 In 1908 he was sentenced to one month's imprisonment〔Nicholas Walter (1999), "Unexpected sidelight on our founder", ''Humanity'' (the in-house journal of the British Humanist Association, now called ''Humanist News) ''Issue 8, page 6, Feb/Mar 1999.〕 for the indecent assault of a male bus conductor in Kensington which was later quashed on appeal. As an American living in the United Kingdom Coit regularly travelled between the United States and Great Britain and he was a passenger on the ''Carpathia ''in 1912 when it picked up survivors from the ''Titanic''. Coit retired as leader of the Ethical Movement in 1935 to be succeeded by Harold Blackham, who dismantled the "churchy" elements, paving the way for the later establishment of the British Humanist Association by Blackham and Julian Huxley. Coit later lived near Eastbourne, Sussex.〔 He died on 15 February 1944 at his home in Birling Gap near Eastbourne. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stanton Coit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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